ジャパンタイムズの最近の記事を二つ紹介したい。ひとつは放射能を根拠とする差別は放射能についての知識がないからだとする意見（記事-1）、もう一つは広島の被爆者の二つのデータに基く意見（記事-2）である。
タイトルは
「Fukushima activist fights fear and discrimination based on radiation」
「福島第一原発事故にかかわる被災支援者は放射能による恐怖や差別と闘っている」
サブタイトル、
「Fukushima activist takes on discrimination」
「福島原発被災支援者は差別と闘っている」
二つ目の記事のタイトル、
「A-bomb survivor passes on wisdom to Fukushima kids」
「（80歳の）被爆者は（被曝している）福島の子供たちに自分が経験によって知っていることを伝える」
最初の記事には写真がついている。福島県の小学生たちには放射能に関する早期教育が実施されているが、その授業の模様が写っている。写真に写っている5人のうち3人がマスクをしている、放射能の微粒子を吸い込まないためだろう。吸い込んで肺の内部に沈着したら生涯排泄は不可能である。食べたものなら便になって排出なされるが、肺の内部に届いた放射能は肺の内部にとどまり続けずっと放射線を出し続ける。遺伝子を傷害することは間違いのない事実である。
事故当時福島県に住んでいたということで婚約を解消されるというような差別が起きている。実際に「チェルノブイリ 先天異常」をキーに検索したらたくさんの画像情報がでてくる。不安になるのは無理もない。
先天異常がどれくらいの割合で出現しているのかデータが載っているものがある。先天異常は1万人あたり42人という数字の表があった。先天異常だけでこれだけあり、他にもさまざまな疾患が挙げられているが因果関係の証明はほとんど不可能である。これが小さいと感じるか多いと感じるかは人によって受け止め方が違うかもしれない。
遺伝子が傷害されて起きる不都合は先天性奇形だけではない。ダウン症、白血病、さまざまな癌などたくさんある。遺伝子は蛋白質もコードしているから、体内で産生されるさまざまなホルモンにもかかわっている。どのホルモンも人間にとって要らないものはない。そこに異常が起きたら、形態学的には異常がなくても、成長や精神の安定や身体の自律性維持に差し障りが生じるだろう。
これらはある確率で起きるとしかいいようがないのである。わたしは福島第一原子力発電所から80km圏内から避難すべきだと思う。子供だけというわけには行かないから大人も一緒に避難すべきだ。職を変更したり住居を変更したりとお金のかかることだから、集団訴訟で東京電力に損害賠償請求したらいい。弁護士会に集団訴訟支援の動きがないのはなんとも不思議。
いま福島県は壮大な実験場と化している。
福島県の子供たちが頻繁にする三つの疑問を紹介する。
“Three frequently asked questions from children are whether they are OK to live in Fukushima after they get married, whether they can give birth to a baby, and whether their baby will be healthy,”
①福島県に住み続けていて大丈夫か
②結婚して子どもが産めるか
③産んだ赤ん坊は健やかに育つか
福島の活動家は知識がないゆえの差別であると言い、広島に落とされた原爆による被爆者は自分の染色体が障害を受けている事実を提示している。
83歳の被爆者が100個の細胞の染色体検査をした結果、102個の染色体異常が見つかっている。癌の手術はいままでに19回受けた。
染色体異常は先天奇形症候群、遺伝子疾患などさまざまな病気を引き起こす。たとえば、21番トリソミーだとダウン症、白血病も染色体異常による。染色体レベルで異常が出ているということは遺伝子レベルでのダメージが大きいと考えなければならないのだろう。
まずは子どもたちを避難させること、次になすべきことは数千名の子どもたちの染色体検査を実施して、名前を伏せて学術データベースとして研究者へ公開すればいい。データには住居が原発からの距離もいれたらいい。
福島第一原発事故の怖さは代を継いでその影響が伝わってしまうことだろう。四つの原子炉建屋が次々と爆発で吹き飛んで、莫大な放射能が撒き散らされた。3号機は原子炉そのものが爆発崩落し放射能を撒き散らしたようだが、地震で壊れたのか津波だったのか、まだ爆発の原因も爆発そのものも解明されていない。確実に言えることはこの原発事故が取り返しがつかないものであるということだ。
高校生や大学生にこの英文記事をじっくり読んでもらいたい。原発事故による健康被害がほとんどないと主張する学者の意見が複数取り上げられているが、統計データを見る限り被曝2世に有意な影響はほとんど認められないと主張している。放射能の微粒子がどのような因果関係でその人の病気を引き起こしたのかを証明することは不可能である。不可能だから証明された統計データはない、だから健康リスクがないというのは詭弁である。
わたしは二十数年前に生命倫理研究会が出生前診断を取り上げたときに、障害者の団体のメンバーが多数駆けつけ涙ながらに反対意見を述べたそのあとで、主催者側のあるドクターが自分の娘が半陰陽であることを告白したシーンを記憶している。その刹那、会場は水を打ったように静まり返った、そのドクターは被曝2世であることを坦々と語り始めた。被曝のせいだと思っていると発言したが、それを「科学的に証明すること」はできないのである。だから、こういう事例は統計データに入ってこないことに注意したい。そうした事実がないのではなく、事実があまたあっても因果関係が証明できないから、統計データとしてカウントされていないだけなのである。
(22)以降をじっくり読んでほしい。Tubokuraは放射能の内部被曝リスクをどう評価するかは個人の責任で、引っ越すも引っ越さないも住民当事者が決めることだと言い切っている。そんな問題だろうか？ばらまかれた放射能は広島の30倍、子どもたちは今日も空気を吸うことで肺へ内部被曝し続けているのである。その遺伝子も染色体も傷害され続けているが、避難するもしないも住民個々の判断だと「自己責任」に帰している。
わたしは、染色体検査と集団訴訟について続編を書くつもりだ。
5月9日付ジャパンタイムズ記事
（段落に符番した）
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http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/05/09/national/fukushima-activist-fights-fear-and-discrimination-based-on-radiation/
Fukushima activist fights fear and discrimination based on radiation
Staff Writer
(1) Sachiko Banba aches for children in Fukushima Prefecture, who worry whether they can lead a normal life.
(2)“Three frequently asked questions from children are whether they are OK to live in Fukushima after they get married, whether they can give birth to a baby, and whether their baby will be healthy,” said Banba, 52, who runs a cram school in Minamisoma, Fukushima, less than 30 km from the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant.
Although tens of thousands of people fled their homes in Fukushima Prefecture following the March 2011 reactor meltdowns, many, including children, still remain. Most heartbreaking to Banba is the discrimination they face based on ignorance, and the likelihood it will follow them the rest of their lives.
(3) Children catch snatches of the adult debates over the health risks of radiation exposure, and sense something bad might happen.
(4) “It’s due to people’s ignorance. There are still people who think radiation is something contagious,” Banba said. “By gaining correct knowledge, I hope children in Fukushima will be able to talk about radiation (exposure) when they are asked about it.”
(5) Since last year, Banba and Dr. Masaharu Tsubokura have hosted more than 40 radiation study sessions for 1,500 children and adults, supplying people with the necessary information to counter the arguments of those who would discriminate against them.
(6) Many locals have tales to tell, such as the Fukushima woman whose engagement was broken off due to the strong opposition of her fiance’s family.
(7) Banba herself has felt the sting of intolerance many times outside the prefecture.
(8) At a hospital in Tokyo she was eyeballed from head to toe when she handed over her insurance card, which revealed her address.
(9) Some people sent her pictures of babies with birth defects and urged her to leave town and share the photos with the people back home.
(10) Many parents with young children have left Fukushima not only to keep them safe from radiation exposure but also the corrosive effects of discrimination.
(11) According to the Fukushima Prefectural Government, there were 18,000 fewer students in the prefecture’s 708 elementary and junior high schools in May 2012 than there were two years before.
(12) Protecting the thousands of children who remain and easing their anxiety are pressing issues, experts say. One way is through education, while continuing to give checkups to catch any abnormalities as quickly as possible.
(13) “People need to gain radiation literacy through school, social and lifelong education. They need to gain basic knowledge of radiation and radioactive materials,” Ikuro Anzai, a professor emeritus at Ritsumeikan University who specializes in radiation protection, told The Japan Times.
(14) In 2008, the government revised guidelines to make radiation a mandatory subject of study in science classes for third-year junior high school students starting in fiscal 2012. However, the subject isn’t compulsory in elementary schools or for first- and second-year junior high students.
(15) In the absence of a nationwide directive from the central government to make radiation studies mandatory, Fukushima’s board of education has created its own textbook since the 3/11 disasters that contains information about contamination due to the nuclear accident.
(16) As of March, all of the prefecture’s elementary and junior high schools were teaching about radiation exposure, according to the board.
(17) Meanwhile, citizens and medical experts like Tsubokura, who has been checking Minamisoma residents’ internal radiation exposure levels at Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital for nearly two years, are also holding study sessions in Fukushima and other prefectures to pass on basic knowledge as well as the latest findings.
(18) Tsubokura said people outside Fukushima know little about radioactive materials. About half his audience at a lecture in Nagoya didn’t know that radioactive substances from Fukushima No. 1 fell to Earth in rain.
(19) “Many thought a beam was emitted directly from the power plant,” Tsubokura said.
(20) Similar discrimination was seen after the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Many people believed survivors were contagious and that marrying hibakusha or their descendants would produce babies with birth defects.
(21) According to a 2008 survey of about 27,000 A-bomb survivors conducted by the city of Hiroshima, the main source of their emotional suffering after their exposure to radioactive “black rain” was discrimination, prejudice and anxiety over long-term health effects.
(22) Even more than 60 years later, they are still haunted by discrimination, said Terumi Tanaka, secretary general of Nihon Hidankyo, an atomic bomb victims’ organization. Speaking at the Japan National Press Club in August 2011, he said the issue of radiation exposure is raised even today when their grandchildren try to marry.
(23) Anzai of Ritsumeikan said that studies show no statistical increase in health risks among the second generation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors.
(24) “Academically speaking, (Fukushima residents’) exposure levels are something that won’t likely have a significant genetic impact. (Their) exposure level is low,” said Anzai, who has been criticizing the government’s promotion of nuclear power plants since the 1960s. “But the difficulty with radiation is that it’s not only about physical health but the mental and social impact.”
(25) Having visited Minamisoma over the past two years, Tsubokura worries about low self-esteem among the residents.
(26) “If your hometown is dismissed, if produce you’ve grown is rejected, and if you are spurned when you grow up, what’s left?” Tsubokura said, adding that regaining self-esteem is one of the biggest problems now facing Fukushima residents.
(27) Some argue that if the anxiety that comes from living in Fukushima is too great, the people should move. But each person has many factors to consider, such as job and family, before reaching a decision, and each decision should be respected, Anzai said.
(28) “Life is not only about radiation protection. It’s fine to evacuate due to fears of radiation. (Each decision) should be made by evaluating many different aspects,” Anzai said.
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5月13日付ジャパンタイムズ記事
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http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/05/13/national/a-bomb-survivor-passes-on-wisdom-to-fukushima-kids/
A-bomb survivor passes on wisdom to Fukushima kids
83-year-old wants to help youths overcome feeling of abandonment
Kyodo
(1) These words were written in a note from a Fukushima high school girl to 83-year-old Masahito Hirose in the fall of 2011, outlining her worries about the health effects from radiation. The girl and her classmates had visited Nagasaki on a school field trip and listened to Hirose speak about his experiences as a survivor of the 1945 U.S. atomic bombings.
(2) This prompted Hirose to decide to use his own experience of living with the impact of radiation to support young people in Fukushima Prefecture in the long term.
(3) In March 2012, five atomic-bomb survivor groups in Nagasaki opposed arrangements for some of the debris from the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami, which triggered the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear disaster, to be processed in other parts of the country.
(4) Although the major purpose of the arrangement was to help disaster-struck regions overwhelmed by the debris, such opposition was not uncommon, as many people nationwide feared this would further spread the radiation contamination.
(5) But Hirose worried that such opposition from atomic-bomb survivors themselves, who knew firsthand what it was to be affected by radiation, may make people in the March 2011 disaster zones feel they had been abandoned. So as a member of the groups, he immediately proposed finding ways to show solidarity and extend support to those in the disaster-struck regions.
(6) Two years have passed since the crisis erupted and the high school students who wrote to Hirose have since graduated. When he emailed them, many came back with positive and forward-looking responses, such as, “I want to continue to think about the issues I’ve experienced (through the disaster) in university.”
(7) “I hope to continue to watch them grow,” Hirose said.
(8) Along with other atomic-bomb survivors in Nagasaki, Hirose set up a group in February to liaise between Fukushima and Nagasaki. It is planning to arrange for lectures by survivors about their experiences of the bombing at high schools in Minamisoma, Fukushima Prefecture.
(9) “The day will definitely come when the expertise and experiences accumulated here from the atomic bombing will become useful in Fukushima,” Hirose said. “I want to keep conveying the message that Nagasaki will never abandon Fukushima.”
(10) Meanwhile, in Hiroshima, the other city to have suffered an atomic bombing, 80-year-old Mitsuo Kodama’s approach to raising public awareness about the horrors of radiation has drawn renewed attention since the Fukushima disaster.
(11) Kodama, who was 12 when exposed to radiation from the Hiroshima A-bomb in 1945, shows people a photo of his damaged chromosome.
(12) “Never again should mankind create somebody like me,” he said.
(13) It was in the fall of 2007 when Kodama finally learned for the first time about the amount of radiation he was exposed to — about 4,600 millisieverts, according to tests by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation.
(14) His exposure was so high it has only appeared in “a handful of people,” even in the foundation’s records, which cover long-term studies of some 120,000 A-bomb survivors and others. It is estimated that over 90 percent of people exposed to that much radiation have died.
(15) In Kodama’s case, of the 100 cells tested, 102 chromosomal abnormalities were found.
(16) Kodama was in a junior high school building about 870 meters from ground zero in Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945. Of some 300 classmates, only 19 survived. Soon after, he suffered from various acute symptoms, such as fever and loss of hair. He has had cancer surgery 19 times so far.
(17) He understands that a case like his — having survived the blast from such close distance — is rare. Yet, he also constantly feels disappointed and regretful. As there are so few like him, “It is so difficult to get people to understand the horror of radiation,” he said.
(18) It may not be simple to compare radiation exposure from an A-bomb to long-term exposure from a nuclear plant accident, but “radiation gnaws at the human body far into the future,” Kodama said.
(19) “We must get rid of it from the face of the Earth. I want to pass on my experience to the people of Fukushima too.”
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ジャパンタイムズが5月9日と13日の記事で対照的な意見を載せているのはなぜ？
最初の記事が「弱者救済」の活動家のご意見で、差別がいけないとは主張しているが、放射能被害の実態については語っていないことに気がついたからではないだろうか。放射能被害が風説であるかのような事実誤認は危うい。
広島の被爆者の証言は重い、染色体異常と19回の癌手術、自分の身体が「証拠」である。被曝は染色体異常や遺伝子レベルの障害を引き起こす。厳しい現実ではあるが、それだからこそ83歳の被爆者は嘘偽りなく事実を福島の子供たちに伝えたかった。福島の子供たちは今日も放射能の微粒子を肺の中に吸い込む、それは生涯取り除くことができない。肺に取り込まれた放射性物質の微粒子は体内で放射能を出し続け、遺伝子を壊す。
年齢が若いほど放射能に対する感受性が大きいのは細胞分裂が盛んだからだ。細胞分裂の盛んな子どもは放射能の影響を強く受ける。お母さんのお腹の中の胎児、そして女の子たちのお腹にあるたくさんの卵子も影響を受けざるをえない。
ジャパンタイムズの編集者は最初の記事を載せてからまずいと思ったに違いない、それで広島の83歳の被爆者を取材した。あるいは最初から二つの取材源をもって取材活動をしていたのだろうか？対照的な意見を載せる、バランスのとれたいい企画である。
東京の放射性降下物（セシウム）が増えているというが、原因不明である。福島第一原発からいまだに放射能が撒き散らされているが、東電から明確な説明がない。2年も経つのに原子炉内部の様子もわからない、使用済み燃料の保管場所も決まっていない、除染作業ででた汚染土の貯蔵場所すら決まっていない、放射能災害は進行形でありちっとも収束していないというのが事実。
*#2304 福島第一原発事故での放射能被曝：染色体異常の疫学調査は可能か？
http://nimuorojyuku.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2013-05-21
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